Pigmentation
Melasma
Melasma is also called ‘chloasma’ and ‘pregnancy mask.’ It is a common skin condition of adults in which brown or greyish patches of pigmentation (colour) develop, usually on the face. It is more common in women, particularly during pregnancy. Sometimes men may also be affected. Melasma is more common in people of colour and those who tan very quickly but can occur in anyone. Melasma usually becomes more noticeable in the summer and improves during the winter months.
What causes melasma?
The exact cause is not known, but it is thought to be due to pigment-producing cells in the skin (melanocytes) producing too much pigment (melanin). Several factors can contribute to developing melasma, including pregnancy and using hormonal drugs such as birth control pills and hormone replacement. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun and the use of sunbeds or phototherapy can trigger melasma or make it worse.
Sun Damage-Photodamage
Sunspots are also known as liver spots, freckles, or solar lentigos. They appear randomly on the face, neck, and back of the hand (the areas with the most sun exposure) and are patchy and scattered. Textural changes to the skin, such as lines or wrinkles, may be associated with other signs of photodamage. It is directly related to sun exposure.
Signs of photodamage begin in the teens to early twenties. Symptoms include the following:
Wrinkling
Pigmentation changes such as age spots, liver spots (solar lentigines) and freckles
Loss of skin tone (decreased elasticity)
Rough, uneven skin texture
Broken capillaries (spider veins), usually around the nose and chest
Redness and blotchiness
Post-Inflammatory Pigmentation
These are pigmentary changes caused by an increase in melanin production, which usually occurs after inflammation from trauma or damage. Eczema, psoriasis, severe acne, or just a single spot can all cause it, and it can even happen after some treatments. It is thought to be a temporary condition, but in some cases, it can last up to 9 or 12 months. It can be treated chemically, medically, or allowed to resolve on its own. A personalized skincare regimen tailored to your skin type can certainly improve matters.
